ABSTRACT
La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria, crónica que afecta a los tejidos de soporte de los dientes y puede repercutir en la salud general, afectando la calidad de vida del paciente. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es una condición neurodegenerativa y progresiva que va disminuyendo la memoria, el lenguaje y aprendizaje de los pacientes. El objetivo de la investigación es realizar una revisión bibliográfica para comprender la posible vinculación entre la periodontitis y el Alzheimer. Los microorganismos periodontopatógenos producen una respuesta inflamatoria que, por vía sistémica, puede desencadenar un mecanismo inflamatorio dentro del sistema nervioso central. La respuesta del hospedero es liberar gran cantidad de moléculas proinflamatorias que comprometen la barrera hematoencefálica sobreestimulando a las células microgliales, esto conduce a la destrucción de neuronas vitales y al mantenimiento de la inflamación crónica que contribuye a la progresión del Alzheimer. Por otra parte, la periodontitis puede favorecer la formación de placas ateromatosas que afectan la integridad vascular siendo éste un factor a considerar en el desarrollo de la patología cerebrovascular. A pesar que son pocos los estudios clínicos experimentales, ya se puede sugerir la correlación entre ambas enfermedades (AU)
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, affecting the systemic health and quality of life of the patient. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative and progressive condition that decreases memory, speech and learning of patients. The objective of this literature review was to report the possible link between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. Periodontopathogens produce an inflammatory response that, systemically, can trigger an inflammatory mechanism within the central nervous system. Due to this attack, the host releases a great quantity of proinflammatory molecules that compromise the blood-brain barrier by over- stimulation microglial cells, this produces destruction of vital neurons and maintenance the chronic inflammation in CNS and that contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, periodontitis can favor the formation of atheromatous plaques that affect vascular integrity, being a factor to consider in the development of the cerebrovascular disease. Although there are few experimental clinical studies, the correlation between both diseases can already be suggested (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Periodontitis/complications , Periodontitis/prevention & control , Alzheimer Disease/etiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Chronic Disease , Inflammation Mediators/physiology , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , MaintenanceABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate in the vitro effectiveness of three chemical agents for toothbrush disinfection. Material and Methods: Sixteen new toothbrushes were evaluated, previously sterilized and classified in five experimental groups (n=3) and one item as control. Three chemical agents were assessed: 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), essential oil mouth rinse (Listerine) and 3.5% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The five selected strains were inoculated on toothbrushes and incubated for a 24 hours period and 37°C temperature in aerobic conditions. The incubated toothbrushes were immersed for a 15 min period into selected chemical agents and after drying in a controlled air stream, again re-cultured into enriched broth. A comparison was made between the initial and final microorganisms density recovered after chemical disinfection based on Mc Farland scale. The data obtained was compared by descriptive analysis and ANOVA methodology. Results: 3.5% NaOCl was the most effective chemical agent for toothbrush disinfection followed by CHX; Listerine was not effective to eliminate the inoculated bacteria in toothbrushes. Conclusion: 3.5% NaOCl and 0.12% CHX are the most effective chemical agents for toothbrush disinfection and Listerine was only effective against C. albicans.